WP_Meta_Query::get_sql_for_clause( array $clause, array $parent_query, string $clause_key = '' )

	public function get_sql_for_clause( &$clause, $parent_query, $clause_key = '' ) {
		global $wpdb;

		$sql_chunks = array(
			'where' => array(),
			'join' => array(),
		);

		if ( isset( $clause['compare'] ) ) {
			$clause['compare'] = strtoupper( $clause['compare'] );
		} else {
			$clause['compare'] = isset( $clause['value'] ) && is_array( $clause['value'] ) ? 'IN' : '=';
		}

		if ( ! in_array( $clause['compare'], array(
			'=', '!=', '>', '>=', '<', '<=',
			'LIKE', 'NOT LIKE',
			'IN', 'NOT IN',
			'BETWEEN', 'NOT BETWEEN',
			'EXISTS', 'NOT EXISTS',
			'REGEXP', 'NOT REGEXP', 'RLIKE'
		) ) ) {
			$clause['compare'] = '=';
		}

		$meta_compare = $clause['compare'];

		// First build the JOIN clause, if one is required.
		$join = '';

		// We prefer to avoid joins if possible. Look for an existing join compatible with this clause.
		$alias = $this->find_compatible_table_alias( $clause, $parent_query );
		if ( false === $alias ) {
			$i = count( $this->table_aliases );
			$alias = $i ? 'mt' . $i : $this->meta_table;

			// JOIN clauses for NOT EXISTS have their own syntax.
			if ( 'NOT EXISTS' === $meta_compare ) {
				$join .= " LEFT JOIN $this->meta_table";
				$join .= $i ? " AS $alias" : '';
				$join .= $wpdb->prepare( " ON ($this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column = $alias.$this->meta_id_column AND $alias.meta_key = %s )", $clause['key'] );

			// All other JOIN clauses.
			} else {
				$join .= " INNER JOIN $this->meta_table";
				$join .= $i ? " AS $alias" : '';
				$join .= " ON ( $this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column = $alias.$this->meta_id_column )";
			}

			$this->table_aliases[] = $alias;
			$sql_chunks['join'][] = $join;
		}

		// Save the alias to this clause, for future siblings to find.
		$clause['alias'] = $alias;

		// Determine the data type.
		$_meta_type = isset( $clause['type'] ) ? $clause['type'] : '';
		$meta_type  = $this->get_cast_for_type( $_meta_type );
		$clause['cast'] = $meta_type;

		// Fallback for clause keys is the table alias. Key must be a string.
		if ( is_int( $clause_key ) || ! $clause_key ) {
			$clause_key = $clause['alias'];
		}

		// Ensure unique clause keys, so none are overwritten.
		$iterator = 1;
		$clause_key_base = $clause_key;
		while ( isset( $this->clauses[ $clause_key ] ) ) {
			$clause_key = $clause_key_base . '-' . $iterator;
			$iterator++;
		}

		// Store the clause in our flat array.
		$this->clauses[ $clause_key ] =& $clause;

		// Next, build the WHERE clause.

		// meta_key.
		if ( array_key_exists( 'key', $clause ) ) {
			if ( 'NOT EXISTS' === $meta_compare ) {
				$sql_chunks['where'][] = $alias . '.' . $this->meta_id_column . ' IS NULL';
			} else {
				$sql_chunks['where'][] = $wpdb->prepare( "$alias.meta_key = %s", trim( $clause['key'] ) );
			}
		}

		// meta_value.
		if ( array_key_exists( 'value', $clause ) ) {
			$meta_value = $clause['value'];

			if ( in_array( $meta_compare, array( 'IN', 'NOT IN', 'BETWEEN', 'NOT BETWEEN' ) ) ) {
				if ( ! is_array( $meta_value ) ) {
					$meta_value = preg_split( '/[,\s]+/', $meta_value );
				}
			} else {
				$meta_value = trim( $meta_value );
			}

			switch ( $meta_compare ) {
				case 'IN' :
				case 'NOT IN' :
					$meta_compare_string = '(' . substr( str_repeat( ',%s', count( $meta_value ) ), 1 ) . ')';
					$where = $wpdb->prepare( $meta_compare_string, $meta_value );
					break;

				case 'BETWEEN' :
				case 'NOT BETWEEN' :
					$meta_value = array_slice( $meta_value, 0, 2 );
					$where = $wpdb->prepare( '%s AND %s', $meta_value );
					break;

				case 'LIKE' :
				case 'NOT LIKE' :
					$meta_value = '%' . $wpdb->esc_like( $meta_value ) . '%';
					$where = $wpdb->prepare( '%s', $meta_value );
					break;

				// EXISTS with a value is interpreted as '='.
				case 'EXISTS' :
					$meta_compare = '=';
					$where = $wpdb->prepare( '%s', $meta_value );
					break;

				// 'value' is ignored for NOT EXISTS.
				case 'NOT EXISTS' :
					$where = '';
					break;

				default :
					$where = $wpdb->prepare( '%s', $meta_value );
					break;

			}

			if ( $where ) {
				if ( 'CHAR' === $meta_type ) {
					$sql_chunks['where'][] = "$alias.meta_value {$meta_compare} {$where}";
				} else {
					$sql_chunks['where'][] = "CAST($alias.meta_value AS {$meta_type}) {$meta_compare} {$where}";
				}
			}
		}

		/*
		 * Multiple WHERE clauses (for meta_key and meta_value) should
		 * be joined in parentheses.
		 */
		if ( 1 < count( $sql_chunks['where'] ) ) {
			$sql_chunks['where'] = array( '( ' . implode( ' AND ', $sql_chunks['where'] ) . ' )' );
		}

		return $sql_chunks;
	}